How Do You Research a Setting for a Book
Why is setting research crucial for your book?
Setting research forms the foundation of a compelling and authentic story world. Without thorough research, your narrative risks feeling flat, inaccurate, or disconnected from reality. Even for fictional worlds, grounding elements in real-world research lends credibility and depth to your writing.
Proper setting research allows you to:
Create immersive environments
Well-researched settings transport readers into vivid, believable worlds. The sights, sounds, smells and textures you describe become more tangible when based on factual details. This sensory richness keeps readers engaged and invested in the story.
Develop authentic characters
Characters are products of their environment. Understanding the historical, cultural and physical aspects of your setting helps you craft characters whose behaviors, speech patterns and worldviews align naturally with their surroundings. This authenticity makes characters more relatable and three-dimensional.
Enhance plot credibility
Plot events that mesh seamlessly with the setting feel more plausible to readers. Researched details about geography, climate, local customs or historical events can inspire plot points and ensure story developments make logical sense within the established world.
Avoid jarring inaccuracies
Nothing pulls readers out of a story faster than glaring factual errors about a setting. Thorough research helps you avoid anachronisms, geographical impossibilities or cultural misrepresentations that can damage your credibility as an author.
Add depth and texture
Little-known facts or obscure details about a setting can add fascinating layers to your story. These nuggets of information intrigue readers and make the world feel more fully realized.
Inspire creativity
Often, setting research uncovers surprising facts or unique aspects of a place that can spark new ideas for characters, plot twists or thematic elements. The research process itself can be a wellspring of creative inspiration.
For both fiction and non-fiction, setting research grounds your writing in a sense of authenticity that readers can connect with emotionally and intellectually. It’s an investment that pays dividends in the richness and believability of your story world.
How do you identify the key elements of your setting?
Identifying the key elements of your setting involves a systematic approach to breaking down the various components that make up the world of your story. This process helps ensure you cover all crucial aspects during your research phase. Here’s how to pinpoint these elements:
Temporal context
Determine the specific time period your story takes place in. This could be a historical era, the present day, or a future time. Consider:
– Year or range of years
– Season or time of year
– Significant historical events occurring during or influencing this period
Geographical location
Pinpoint the physical location(s) where your story unfolds. This may include:
– Country or countries
– Region or state
– City or town
– Specific neighborhoods or landmarks
– Natural features like mountains, rivers, or forests
Cultural landscape
Identify the cultural factors that shape your setting:
– Dominant ethnic groups
– Religious beliefs and practices
– Social norms and customs
– Political climate
– Economic conditions
Physical environment
Consider the tangible aspects of your setting:
– Architecture and building styles
– Transportation systems
– Technology available
– Flora and fauna
– Climate and weather patterns
Social structures
Examine the societal frameworks in place:
– Class systems or hierarchies
– Educational institutions
– Legal and justice systems
– Family structures
– Gender roles and expectations
Language and communication
Analyze how people in your setting communicate:
– Spoken languages and dialects
– Written communication forms
– Slang or colloquialisms
– Non-verbal communication norms
Economic factors
Understand the financial realities of your setting:
– Primary industries or sources of income
– Currency systems
– Trade relationships
– Levels of poverty and wealth
Historical context
Explore the background that has shaped your setting:
– Major historical events
– Influential figures
– Long-standing traditions or conflicts
To organize these elements effectively, consider creating a setting worksheet or checklist. This tool can help you systematically work through each aspect of your setting, ensuring you don’t overlook critical details. Here’s an example of how you might structure such a worksheet:
| Setting Element | Questions to Consider | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Time Period | What year(s) does the story take place? Any significant events happening? | |
| Location | Where exactly is the story set? What are the key geographical features? | |
| Culture | What are the dominant cultural influences? How do they shape daily life? | |
| Environment | What does the physical world look like? How does climate impact life? | |
| Society | How is the social structure organized? What institutions hold power? | |
| Language | What languages are spoken? Are there important linguistic quirks? | |
| Economy | How do people make a living? What is the economic climate like? | |
| History | What past events have shaped the current setting? |
By methodically working through these elements, you’ll develop a comprehensive understanding of your setting. This thorough approach ensures you have a solid foundation for your research efforts, helping you focus on the most relevant aspects of your story world.
What are effective primary research methods for book settings?
Primary research involves gathering first-hand information about your setting. This approach allows you to collect unique, authentic details that can bring your story world to life. Here are effective primary research methods for book settings:
Site visits
Nothing beats experiencing a location firsthand. When possible, visit the actual setting of your story. During your visit:
– Take detailed notes on sensory impressions (sights, sounds, smells, textures)
– Sketch or photograph notable landmarks and architectural features
– Observe local residents and their behaviors
– Collect local maps, brochures, or other printed materials
Interviews with locals
Speaking directly with people who live in or have extensive knowledge of your setting provides invaluable insights. Consider interviewing:
– Long-time residents for historical perspective
– Professionals in fields relevant to your story (e.g., police officers, teachers, shopkeepers)
– Cultural experts or historians
– Recent transplants for fresh perspectives on the setting
Prepare a list of open-ended questions beforehand, and be ready to follow up on interesting tangents that arise during the conversation.
Participation in local events
Immerse yourself in the culture of your setting by attending:
– Festivals or celebrations
– Community meetings
– Religious services
– Sporting events
– Local markets or fairs
These experiences offer a wealth of sensory details and social insights that can enrich your writing.
Artifact collection
Gather physical objects that represent your setting:
– Local newspapers or magazines
– Menus from restaurants
– Ticket stubs from attractions
– Local crafts or artworks
– Samples of local products
These items can serve as tangible reminders of the setting’s unique characteristics.
Field recordings
Capture the auditory landscape of your setting:
– Record ambient sounds of streets, nature, or public spaces
– Document local music or performances
– Capture snippets of everyday conversations (with permission)
These recordings can help you accurately describe the soundscape of your setting.
Photography and sketching
Visual documentation of your setting is invaluable:
– Take photographs of architecture, landscapes, and people
– Sketch notable features or layouts of important locations
– Create a visual diary of your observations
These visual references can help you accurately describe scenes later.
Volunteer or temporary work
For a deep dive into local life, consider:
– Volunteering with local organizations
– Taking on short-term work in a field relevant to your story
– Participating in community service projects
This hands-on experience provides unique insights into the daily lives of your setting’s inhabitants.
Language immersion
If your setting involves a different language or dialect:
– Take language classes
– Practice with native speakers
– Listen to local radio or watch local TV programs
This linguistic understanding can add authenticity to your characters’ dialogue and narration.
Cultural workshops
Participate in workshops or classes that teach:
– Traditional crafts or skills
– Local cooking techniques
– Folk dances or music
– Historical reenactments
These experiences provide tactile and cultural knowledge that can add richness to your descriptions.
When conducting primary research, always be respectful of local customs and obtain necessary permissions, especially when photographing or recording. Keep detailed notes of your experiences, including dates, locations, and the names of people you interact with (with their consent).
Remember, the goal of primary research is not just to collect facts, but to absorb the atmosphere and essence of your setting. Allow yourself to be curious and open to unexpected discoveries – often, these serendipitous moments lead to the most compelling details in your writing.
Which secondary research techniques can enhance your setting knowledge?
Secondary research involves gathering information from existing sources rather than collecting original data. This approach is particularly useful when direct access to your setting is limited or when you need to supplement your primary research. Here are effective secondary research techniques to enhance your setting knowledge:
Literature review
Immerse yourself in books related to your setting:
– Historical accounts and non-fiction works
– Novels set in the same location or time period
– Travel guides and memoirs
– Academic papers and journal articles
Pay attention to how other authors describe the setting and what details they emphasize.
Archival research
Explore historical documents and records:
– Old newspapers and magazines
– Government records and census data
– Personal letters and diaries
– Maps and city plans from different eras
– Photographs and artwork
Many archives are now digitized, making this research more accessible than ever.
Online databases
Utilize specialized databases for in-depth information:
– Academic databases like JSTOR or ProQuest
– Historical databases such as the Library of Congress Digital Collections
– Scientific databases for environmental or geological information
– Legal databases for understanding local laws and regulations
These resources often provide more detailed and reliable information than general internet searches.
Multimedia sources
Explore visual and audio resources:
– Documentaries and historical films
– Podcasts about local history or culture
– Virtual museum tours
– YouTube videos of walking tours or local events
– Vintage radio or TV broadcasts
These sources can provide a more immersive understanding of your setting.
Social media and forums
Engage with online communities related to your setting:
– Local Facebook groups or subreddits
– Travel forums and review sites
– Blogs by residents or frequent visitors
– Instagram or Pinterest for visual inspiration
While information from these sources should be verified, they can provide current, on-the-ground perspectives.
Government and NGO reports
Access official documents for factual data:
– Census reports for demographic information
– Economic reports for understanding local industries
– Environmental impact studies
– Urban planning documents
– Health and education statistics
These sources provide reliable data to support your setting descriptions.
Maps and geographical resources
Utilize various mapping tools:
– Historical maps to understand how the setting has changed over time
– Topographical maps for understanding the physical landscape
– Google Earth or Street View for virtual exploration
– GIS (Geographic Information System) data for detailed geographical analysis
These tools can help you visualize and accurately describe the physical layout of your setting.
Language resources
For settings with unique linguistic features:
– Dialect dictionaries or guides
– Language learning apps or websites
– Recordings of native speakers
– Linguistic studies on regional variations
These resources help you accurately represent local speech patterns and expressions.
Cultural artifacts
Examine cultural products from your setting:
– Music and art from the region
– Traditional clothing and textiles
– Local cuisine and recipes
– Folk tales and legends
These elements provide insight into the cultural fabric of your setting.
Expert consultations
Reach out to subject matter experts:
– Historians specializing in your setting’s time period
– Anthropologists or sociologists studying the culture
– Geologists or botanists for natural environment details
– Architects or urban planners for built environment information
Experts can provide nuanced information and verify the accuracy of your research.
To organize your secondary research effectively, consider creating a research database or using a tool like Evernote or Scrivener. Categorize your findings based on different aspects of your setting (e.g., history, culture, geography) and include source information for easy reference.
Here’s a sample table for organizing your secondary research findings:
| Research Topic | Source | Key Findings | Relevance to Story | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Local Cuisine | “Traditional Recipes of [Region]” by [Author] | Popular dishes, ingredients, cooking methods | Character’s family restaurant | Check for regional variations |
| 19th Century Fashion | [Museum] Online Collection | Typical clothing styles, materials used | Describing character appearances | Focus on class differences |
| Climate Data | [Meteorological Office] Historical Records | Average temperatures, rainfall patterns | Setting mood, influencing plot events | Compare with current climate trends |
Remember to cross-reference information from multiple sources to ensure accuracy. Secondary research provides a broad foundation of knowledge, which you can then enrich and verify through primary research methods when possible.
How can you organize your setting research efficiently?
Efficient organization of your setting research is crucial for easy access and effective utilization of the information you’ve gathered. A well-structured system saves time during the writing process and ensures you don’t overlook important details. Here are strategies to organize your setting research efficiently:
Digital filing system
Create a logical folder structure on your computer:
– Main folder for the book project
– Subfolders for different aspects of the setting (e.g., geography, history, culture)
– Further subfolders for specific topics within each category
Use clear, consistent naming conventions for all files and folders.
Research database
Utilize database software or spreadsheets:
– Create separate sheets or tables for different research categories
– Include columns for source information, key findings, and relevance to your story
– Use tags or keywords for easy searching
Tools like Airtable or Microsoft Access can be particularly useful for this purpose.
Mind mapping
Use mind mapping software to visualize connections:
– Start with your main setting as the central node
– Branch out into major categories (e.g., physical environment, social structure)
– Add subcategories and specific details as you expand outward
This visual approach helps identify relationships between different aspects of your setting.
Note-taking apps
Employ apps designed for research organization:
– Evernote for storing and tagging notes, images, and web clippings
– OneNote for creating notebooks with different sections and pages
– Notion for building a customized research wiki
These apps often offer cross-platform syncing for access across devices.
Citation management
Use citation management software to track sources:
– Zotero for saving and organizing research materials with automatic citation generation
– Mendeley for managing and sharing research papers
– EndNote for creating a comprehensive bibliography
These tools help maintain academic rigor in your research process.
Visual boards
Create digital or physical inspiration boards:
– Pinterest for collecting and organizing visual references
– Mood boards with images, color schemes, and textures representing your setting
– Timeline tools like Aeon Timeline for mapping out historical events
Visual representations can spark creativity and help maintain consistency in your descriptions.
Research journal
Maintain a dedicated research journal:
– Record your thoughts and insights as you conduct research
– Note questions that arise and areas that need further investigation
– Reflect on how your findings might influence your story
This reflective practice can lead to deeper understanding and creative connections.
Tagging system
Implement a consistent tagging system across all platforms:
– Use specific tags for different elements of your setting (e.g., #architecture, #localcustoms)
– Create hierarchical tags for more detailed categorization
– Ensure consistency in tag usage across all your research materials
Effective tagging allows for quick retrieval of information on specific topics.
Physical organization
For tangible research materials:
– Use binders with dividers for different categories
– Create a card catalog system for quick reference
– Use color-coding for different aspects of your research
Physical organization can be particularly helpful for visual or tactile learners.
Cloud storage and backup
Ensure your research is secure and accessible:
– Use cloud storage services like Google Drive or Dropbox
– Set up automatic backups of your research files
– Consider version control for documents that undergo multiple revisions
This approach protects your work and allows access from multiple devices.
To illustrate how these methods can work together, consider this example of a multi-layered organization system:
- Digital Filing System:
-
Main Folder: “Victorian London Novel”
- Subfolder: “Geography”
- Sub-subfolder: “Thames River”
- Subfolder: “Social Classes”
- Sub-subfolder: “Working Class”
- Subfolder: “Technology”
- Sub-subfolder: “Industrial Innovations”
-
Research Database (Spreadsheet):
| Category | Subcategory | Source | Key Findings | Story Relevance | Tags |
|———-|————-|——–|————–|——————|——|
| Geography | Thames River | “The Thames Through Time” by J. Smith | River pollution levels in 1850s | Impacts character’s health | #environment #plot |
| Social Classes | Working Class | Interview with Dr. A. Historian | Average wages for factory workers | Character’s financial struggles | #character #plot |
| Technology | Industrial Innovations | Patent records from British Library |Steam engine improvements in 1860s | Factory setting description | #setting #plot | -
Mind Map:
-
Central Node: Victorian London
- Branch: Geography
- Sub-branch: Thames River
- Sub-branch: City Layout
- Branch: Social Structure
- Sub-branch: Class System
- Sub-branch: Gender Roles
- Branch: Economy
- Sub-branch: Industrial Revolution
- Sub-branch: Trade
-
Evernote Notebook Structure:
-
Notebook Stack: Victorian London Novel
- Notebook: Historical Context
- Notebook: Character Research
- Notebook: Setting Descriptions
- Note: Thames River Through the Seasons
- Note: Victorian Era Fashion Across Classes
- Note: Common London Street Sounds
-
Zotero Library:
- Folder: Victorian London Sources
- Subfolder: Primary Sources
- Subfolder: Secondary Literature
- Subfolder: Visual References
By combining these organizational methods, you create a comprehensive system that allows for efficient storage, retrieval, and synthesis of your research materials. This multi-faceted approach ensures that you can quickly access the information you need during the writing process, whether you’re looking for broad historical context or specific sensory details to enrich your scenes.
Remember to regularly review and update your organizational system as your research progresses. This ongoing curation helps you identify gaps in your knowledge and ensures that your setting research remains a dynamic, evolving resource throughout your writing journey.
What strategies help incorporate setting details seamlessly?
Incorporating setting details seamlessly into your narrative is an art that requires balance and finesse. The goal is to immerse readers in your story world without overwhelming them with information or disrupting the flow of the narrative. Here are strategies to help you achieve this:
Show, don’t tell
Instead of directly stating facts about your setting, weave them into the characters’ experiences:
– Describe how characters interact with their environment
– Use sensory details to bring the setting to life
– Allow characters to react to unique aspects of the setting
This approach makes the setting feel more organic and lived-in.
Use point-of-view to your advantage
Filter setting descriptions through your viewpoint character:
– Focus on details that would naturally catch the character’s attention
– Reflect the character’s familiarity (or lack thereof) with the setting
– Allow the character’s mood or state of mind to color their perception of the environment
This technique not only reveals the setting but also deepens character development.
Integrate setting with action
Blend setting details with the ongoing action of the scene:
– Describe the environment as characters move through it
– Use setting elements to create obstacles or aids for characters
– Allow the setting to influence character decisions and behaviors
This approach keeps the narrative moving while establishing the scene.
Employ dialogue and internal monologue
Use characters’ words and thoughts to reveal setting information:
– Have characters discuss or react to aspects of their environment
– Include local slang or references in dialogue
– Use internal monologue to share a character’s observations about the setting
This method feels natural and can provide cultural context along with physical description.
Leverage contrast and change
Highlight setting details by contrasting them or showing changes:
– Describe how the setting differs from what a character is used to
– Show how the environment changes with time of day, weather, or seasons
– Illustrate how the setting has evolved over time
These contrasts draw attention to important setting elements without lengthy exposition.
Use metaphors and similes
Employ figurative language to describe the setting in relatable terms:
– Compare unfamiliar elements to more common experiences
– Use metaphors that reflect the mood or theme of the scene
– Choose comparisons that align with the character’s background and knowledge
This technique can make complex or unfamiliar settings more accessible to readers.
Incorporate setting into character backstory
Connect characters’ personal histories to the setting:
– Show how the environment has shaped characters’ personalities or beliefs
– Reveal setting details through characters’ memories or flashbacks
– Demonstrate characters’ expertise or ignorance about their surroundings
This approach adds depth to both characters and setting simultaneously.
Utilize multi-sensory descriptions
Engage all the senses in your setting descriptions:
– Include sounds, smells, and textures along with visual details
– Describe the taste of local cuisine or the feel of local fabrics
– Mention the quality of light, air temperature, or atmospheric conditions
Multi-sensory descriptions create a more immersive experience for readers.
Drip-feed information
Spread setting details throughout the narrative rather than in large chunks:
– Introduce key elements of the setting gradually as they become relevant
– Return to important locations multiple times, adding new details with each visit
– Allow readers to build a mental image of the setting over time
This technique maintains reader interest and prevents information overload.
Use setting to create mood and atmosphere
Align your setting descriptions with the emotional tone of the scene:
– Choose details that reinforce the desired atmosphere (e.g., ominous, cheerful, mysterious)
– Use weather, lighting, or environmental conditions to reflect or contrast with characters’ emotions
– Employ setting details to foreshadow upcoming events or reveal thematic elements
This strategy enhances the emotional impact of your scenes while establishing the setting.
Incorporate setting into conflict
Use the environment as a source of tension or challenge:
– Create obstacles related to the physical or cultural landscape
– Show how societal norms or local laws specific to the setting create problems for characters
– Demonstrate how characters must adapt to or overcome aspects of their environment
This approach makes the setting an active element in your story rather than a passive backdrop.
To illustrate how these strategies can work together, consider this example paragraph that seamlessly incorporates setting details:
“Sarah winced as she stepped onto the cobblestones, her thin-soled shoes offering little protection against the uneven surface. The acrid smell of coal smoke hung in the air, a constant reminder of the factories that dominated the skyline. A group of chimney sweeps shuffled past, their faces blackened with soot, and she instinctively held her breath. ‘Oi, watch it, miss!’ a gruff voice called out as a cart laden with vegetables rumbled by, nearly clipping her skirts. She pressed herself against the grimy brick wall of the nearest building, her heart pounding. Two years in London, and still the chaos of the streets set her nerves on edge. She longed for the quiet lanes of her village, where the air smelled of grass and the only sounds were the bleating of sheep and the distant church bells.”
This paragraph incorporates multiple strategies:
– Shows the setting through Sarah’s interaction with it (cobblestones, factories)
– Uses sensory details (smell of coal smoke, sound of the cart)
– Contrasts the current setting with Sarah’s past (London vs. village)
– Reveals character through reaction to the setting (nervousness in chaotic streets)
– Incorporates dialogue with local flavor (“Oi, watch it, miss!”)
– Drip-feeds information about the time period and location (chimney sweeps, factories, cobblestones)
By employing these strategies, you can create a rich, vivid setting that feels integral to your story without resorting to lengthy descriptive passages or information dumps. The key is to make the setting a living, breathing part of your narrative, as important to the story as your characters and plot.
How do you avoid common setting research pitfalls?
Researching settings for your book can be an exciting and enriching process, but it’s also fraught with potential pitfalls that can derail your writing or compromise the authenticity of your story. Here are strategies to avoid common setting research pitfalls:
Overloading with details
The temptation to include every fascinating fact you’ve uncovered can lead to information overload:
– Prioritize details that directly impact your story or characters
– Use the “iceberg principle” – know much more than you actually include in the text
– Focus on sensory details that bring the setting to life rather than dry facts
Remember, your goal is to tell a compelling story, not to showcase all your research.
Anachronisms
Introducing elements that don’t belong in your chosen time period can break readers’ immersion:
– Create a timeline of technological, cultural, and historical developments relevant to your setting
– Double-check the origin and usage dates of words, phrases, and concepts
– Be particularly cautious with idioms and figures of speech, which often have specific historical origins
When in doubt, err on the side of caution or find a way to verify the accuracy of potentially anachronistic elements.
Stereotyping or oversimplification
Relying on clichés or superficial understanding of a culture or place:
– Seek out diverse sources, including voices from the culture you’re writing about
– Look for complexity and nuance in cultural practices and social norms
– Avoid reducing entire groups of people to a single characteristic or behavior
Strive for a multifaceted, respectful representation of your setting’s inhabitants.
Neglecting cultural sensitivity
Misrepresenting or appropriating cultural elements can be offensive and inaccurate:
– Research the historical context of cultural practices and their significance
– Consider the potential impact of your portrayal on members of the culture you’re depicting
– When possible, have sensitivity readers from the culture review your work
Approach unfamiliar cultures with respect, humility, and a willingness to learn.
Ignoring socioeconomic realities
Failing to consider the economic and social structures of your setting:
– Research class structures, income levels, and cost of living for your chosen time and place
– Consider how economic factors would impact your characters’ daily lives and decisions
– Explore how social mobility (or lack thereof) would affect your characters’ opportunities and challenges
These factors can significantly influence your characters’ motivations and the plot’s plausibility.
Over-relying on a single source
Basing your entire understanding of a setting on one book or website:
– Cross-reference information from multiple sources
– Seek out primary sources when possible, especially for historical settings
– Be wary of outdated information, particularly for contemporary settings
Diverse sources provide a more rounded, accurate picture of your setting.
Assuming cultural homogeneity
Treating all members of a culture or inhabitants of a place as identical:
– Research subcultures, regional variations, and individual differences within your setting
– Consider how factors like age, gender, social class, and personal history affect individuals’ experiences
– Explore conflicts or differences of opinion within the culture you’re depicting
Acknowledging diversity within your setting adds depth and realism to your story.
Overlooking everyday details
Focusing solely on big-picture elements while neglecting the small details of daily life:
– Research mundane aspects like food preparation, hygiene practices, or daily routines
– Consider how people in your setting would handle everyday tasks and challenges
– Pay attention to the tools, objects, and spaces people would interact with regularly
These everyday details often provide the most immersive and relatable elements of your setting.
Misunderstanding historical attitudes
Projecting modern sensibilities onto historical characters:
– Research the prevailing attitudes, beliefs, and values of your chosen time period
– Consider how these worldviews would shape your characters’ thoughts and actions
– Be prepared to depict historically accurate attitudes that may be uncomfortable by modern standards
Balancing historical accuracy with reader sensibilities can be challenging but is crucial for authenticity.
Neglecting environmental factors
Failing to consider how geography, climate, and natural resources shape a setting:
– Research the physical environment, including terrain, weather patterns, and native flora and fauna
– Consider how environmental factors would influence architecture, clothing, and daily activities
– Explore how the natural world impacts local economy, transportation, and cultural practices
The physical environment plays a crucial role in shaping human habitation and behavior.
Ignoring technological limitations
Introducing technologies or capabilities that wouldn’t be available in your setting:
– Create a clear timeline of technological developments relevant to your story
– Research the practical limitations of technology in your chosen time period
– Consider how the presence or absence of certain technologies would impact daily life and plot events
Technological accuracy is particularly important for historical, science fiction, or near-future settings.
To help avoid these pitfalls, consider creating a “setting bible” for your book. This comprehensive document can serve as a reference guide and consistency check throughout your writing process. Here’s a sample structure for a setting bible:
- Overview
- Time period
- Geographical location
-
Cultural context
-
Physical Environment
- Climate and weather patterns
- Terrain and natural features
-
Flora and fauna
-
Social Structure
- Class system
- Government and laws
-
Religious beliefs and practices
-
Economy
- Major industries
- Currency and trade
-
Typical occupations
-
Daily Life
- Clothing and fashion
- Food and dining customs
-
Transportation methods
-
Technology and Innovation
- Available technologies
- Recent advancements
-
Technological limitations
-
Language and Communication
- Spoken languages and dialects
- Writing systems
-
Common expressions and slang
-
Arts and Culture
- Popular entertainment
- Artistic styles
-
Cultural values and taboos
-
Historical Context
- Recent significant events
- Ongoing conflicts or tensions
-
Historical figures of note
-
Research Sources
- List of references used
- Notes on conflicting information
- Areas needing further research
By systematically addressing these aspects of your setting and regularly referring to your setting bible, you can maintain consistency and avoid many common research pitfalls. Remember, the goal is to create a believable, immersive world that serves your story without letting the research overshadow the narrative.
What are the best practices for verifying setting information?
Verifying the accuracy of your setting information is crucial for maintaining the credibility of your work and ensuring an authentic reading experience. Here are best practices for verifying setting information:
Cross-reference multiple sources
Never rely on a single source for important information:
– Compare data from at least three different reputable sources
– Look for consensus among experts in the field
– Be wary of sources that contradict the majority of other reliable information
This approach helps identify and eliminate potential errors or biases in individual sources.
Prioritize primary sources
Whenever possible, consult original documents and firsthand accounts:
– Historical records, diaries, and letters for past settings
– Government documents and official reports for contemporary settings
– Scientific papers and raw data for technical or scientific information
Primary sources provide the most direct and often most accurate information about a setting.
Consult academic and peer-reviewed sources
Scholarly works offer thoroughly researched and vetted information:
– Academic journals in relevant fields (history, anthropology, sociology, etc.)
– Dissertations and theses on topics related to your setting
– Books published by university presses or respected academic publishers
These sources typically undergo rigorous peer review, enhancing their reliability.
Verify with subject matter experts
Reach out to professionals or academics specializing in areas relevant to your setting:
– Historians for historical settings
– Cultural anthropologists for unfamiliar cultures
– Scientists or technologists for speculative or technical elements
Experts can provide nuanced insights and catch inaccuracies that general research might miss.
Use fact-checking services
Consider employing professional fact-checkers or fact-checking tools:
– Services like PolitiFact or Snopes for general fact-checking
– Industry-specific fact-checking services for specialized information
– AI-powered fact-checking tools as a preliminary screen (but always verify with human expertise)
These services can provide an additional layer of verification for critical information.
Attend to source credibility
Evaluate the reliability and potential biases of your sources:
– Check the author’s credentials and expertise
– Consider the publication date and whether the information might be outdated
– Be aware of potential political, cultural, or commercial biases in the source
Credible sources should be transparent about their methods and cite their own sources.
Utilize specialized databases and archives
Access curated collections of verified information:
– Historical databases like JSTOR or Project MUSE
– Government archives and national libraries
– Specialized industry databases for technical or scientific information
These resources often provide more reliable and detailed information than general internet searches.
Conduct site visits or virtual tours
Whenever possible, experience the setting firsthand:
– Visit locations in person for contemporary or accessible historical settings
– Use virtual reality tours or high-quality video walkthroughs for inaccessible locations
– Explore Google Earth and Street View for detailed geographical information
Direct observation can verify or challenge information found in written sources.
Consult local sources
For specific locations, seek out information from those with direct experience:
– Local historical societies and museums
– Community elders or long-time residents
– Local government offices for current regulations and statistics
Local sources often have detailed knowledge that might not be available in broader publications.
Use temporal and geographical context
Verify that information is appropriate for your specific time and place:
– Check that practices or technologies existed in your chosen time period
– Confirm that cultural elements are accurate for the specific region, not just the broader culture
– Be aware of regional variations in language, customs, and laws
Context is crucial for avoiding anachronisms and geographical inaccuracies.
Employ linguistic verification
For language-specific elements:
– Consult native speakers or linguists for accuracy in dialogue and terminology
– Use etymological dictionaries to verify the historical usage of words and phrases
-Check historical language corpora for period-appropriate language use
These linguistic checks ensure authenticity in your characters’ speech and narration.
Create a fact-checking checklist
Develop a systematic approach to verifying key elements of your setting:
– List critical facts that need verification (e.g., historical events, cultural practices, technological capabilities)
– Document the sources used to verify each fact
– Note any discrepancies found and how they were resolved
This checklist serves as a record of your verification process and helps ensure thoroughness.
Utilize beta readers with relevant expertise
Enlist the help of readers who have knowledge of your setting:
– Historians or history enthusiasts for historical fiction
– Locals or expatriates for stories set in specific locations
– Professionals in fields relevant to your story (e.g., doctors for medical details)
These readers can catch subtle inaccuracies that general readers might miss.
Stay updated on new research
For settings based on ongoing research or rapidly changing fields:
– Set up alerts for new publications in relevant academic journals
– Follow experts and institutions on social media for latest findings
– Attend conferences or webinars in fields related to your setting
This practice ensures your information remains current throughout the writing process.
By implementing these best practices, you can significantly increase the accuracy and authenticity of your setting details. Remember, the goal is not just to avoid errors, but to create a rich, believable world that enhances your story’s impact on readers.
How can you adapt research for fictional or blended settings?
Adapting research for fictional or blended settings requires a delicate balance between factual accuracy and creative imagination. This process allows you to create unique, compelling worlds that feel authentic while still serving your narrative needs. Here’s how to effectively adapt your research for these types of settings:
Establish a clear foundation
Begin with a solid understanding of real-world elements:
– Identify which aspects of your setting are based on reality and which are fictional
– Create a detailed “world bible” documenting the rules and characteristics of your setting
– Determine how closely your fictional elements will align with or diverge from reality
This foundation helps maintain internal consistency in your created world.
Use real-world analogues
Base fictional elements on real-world counterparts:
– Research similar historical periods or cultures to inform your fictional society
– Study geographical features that resemble your imagined landscape
– Explore scientific principles that could explain your fictional technology or phenomena
This grounding in reality lends credibility to even the most fantastical elements.
Blend multiple real-world influences
Create unique settings by combining elements from different cultures or time periods:
– Research diverse sources and mix elements in new, interesting ways
– Consider how different cultural elements might evolve or blend over time
– Explore historical “what-if” scenarios to create alternate histories
This approach can lead to rich, multi-layered fictional worlds.
Extrapolate from existing knowledge
Use current scientific understanding to imagine future or alternative developments:
– Research cutting-edge technologies and theories in relevant fields
– Consider potential social, economic, and environmental impacts of technological changes
– Explore how current trends might evolve over time or in different circumstances
This method is particularly useful for science fiction or near-future settings.
Maintain internal logic
Ensure that your fictional elements follow consistent rules:
– Develop clear systems for magic, technology, or social structures
– Consider the implications of your fictional elements on all aspects of society
– Create logical explanations for how your world differs from reality
Consistency helps readers suspend disbelief and immerse themselves in your world.
Adapt research to fit narrative needs
Modify real-world information to serve your story:
– Alter historical timelines or geographical features if necessary for your plot
– Combine or simplify complex real-world systems to make them more accessible to readers
– Exaggerate or downplay certain aspects of reality to create desired effects
Always prioritize the needs of your story while maintaining plausibility.
Create fictional primary sources
Develop in-world documents to support your fictional elements:
– Write excerpts from fictional historical texts or scientific papers
– Create maps, diagrams, or artwork that illustrate aspects of your world
– Develop fictional languages or writing systems based on linguistic principles
These “primary sources” can add depth and authenticity to your fictional setting.
Use speculative techniques
Employ methods from speculative fiction to explore “what-if” scenarios:
– Consider how changes in one aspect of society might affect others
– Explore the long-term consequences of alternative historical events
– Imagine how different physical laws might shape a world and its inhabitants
This approach can lead to unique and thought-provoking fictional settings.
Incorporate sensory details
Adapt real-world sensory experiences to your fictional setting:
– Describe familiar sensations in new contexts to make the unfamiliar relatable
– Invent new sensory experiences based on the unique aspects of your world
– Use sensory details to highlight how your setting differs from the real world
Sensory information helps readers immerse themselves in your created world.
Develop cultural depth
Create rich cultures for your fictional societies:
– Research how real-world cultures develop customs, beliefs, and social structures
– Consider how the unique aspects of your world would shape cultural practices
– Develop fictional histories, mythologies, and artistic traditions
Cultural depth adds authenticity and interest to your fictional setting.
Balance familiarity and novelty
Strike a balance between recognizable elements and unique features:
– Include enough familiar elements to help readers relate to your world
– Introduce novel concepts gradually to avoid overwhelming readers
– Use familiar frameworks to introduce unfamiliar ideas
This balance helps readers engage with your fictional world without becoming lost or confused.
Consult experts in world-building
Seek advice from those experienced in creating fictional worlds:
– Connect with other speculative fiction authors
– Consult with game designers or role-playing game creators
– Engage with academic experts in fields like anthropology or futurism
These professionals can offer valuable insights into creating cohesive, believable worlds.
To illustrate how these strategies can work together, consider this example of adapting research for a fictional setting:
Imagine you’re creating a world where humans have colonized a distant moon with a dense atmosphere. Your research process might look like this:
- Establish a foundation:
- Research actual moons in our solar system with atmospheres (e.g., Titan)
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Study current theories and technologies for space colonization
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Use real-world analogues:
- Base the colonization process on historical examples of frontier settlements
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Research extreme environments on Earth (e.g., deep-sea or polar habitats) for survival strategies
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Blend influences:
- Combine elements of various Earth cultures to create a unique colonial society
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Mix historical and futuristic technologies to suit the moon’s environment
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Extrapolate:
- Consider how current space habitat designs might evolve for long-term colonization
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Imagine potential adaptations humans might develop in the moon’s environment
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Maintain logic:
- Develop consistent rules for how the moon’s atmosphere and gravity affect daily life
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Create a plausible economic system based on the colony’s resources and needs
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Adapt for narrative:
- Adjust the moon’s properties to create desired challenges or opportunities for your characters
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Simplify some scientific concepts to make them more accessible to readers
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Create sources:
- Write excerpts from fictional colonist diaries or scientific reports
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Design maps of the colony and its surrounding terrain
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Use speculation:
- Explore how isolation from Earth might affect the colony’s culture over generations
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Consider potential conflicts between different factions within the colony
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Incorporate sensory details:
- Describe the unique colors and qualities of light in the moon’s atmosphere
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Invent new scents or textures associated with native moon life
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Develop culture:
- Create rituals or traditions that have evolved in response to the moon’s environment
- Develop a local dialect that incorporates technical jargon and references to the moon’s features
By applying these strategies, you can create a richly detailed, internally consistent fictional world that feels authentic and engaging to readers, while still allowing for the creative freedom necessary to tell your story effectively.
When should you continue researching throughout the writing process?
Research should not be confined to the pre-writing phase alone. Continuing to research throughout the writing process can enhance the depth and accuracy of your work, address new questions that arise, and even inspire plot developments or character insights. Here’s when and why you should continue researching as you write:
When new plot elements emerge
As your story evolves, you may introduce elements that require additional research:
– Investigate historical events or scientific concepts that become relevant to your plot
– Research professions or skills that your characters unexpectedly need to employ
– Explore locations that your characters visit in the course of the narrative
Ongoing research ensures that new story elements are as well-grounded as your initial concepts.
To add depth to characters
Deepen your understanding of characters’ backgrounds and motivations:
– Research psychological profiles or real-world examples similar to your characters
– Investigate how specific life experiences might shape a character’s worldview
– Explore cultural or historical factors that influence character behavior
This ongoing character research can lead to more nuanced and believable portrayals.
When addressing beta reader feedback
Beta readers may identify areas that need more detail or clarification:
– Research specific aspects of your setting that readers find confusing or underdeveloped
– Investigate historical or cultural details that beta readers question
– Explore scientific or technical concepts that readers struggle to understand
Addressing these concerns through additional research can significantly improve your manuscript.
To maintain consistency
Ongoing research helps ensure consistency throughout your story:
– Verify that details mentioned in later chapters align with earlier descriptions
– Research seasonal changes or historical developments that occur over the course of your narrative
– Investigate how technology or social norms might evolve during the timespan of your story
Consistency checks help maintain the integrity of your story world.
When stuck or facing writer’s block
Research can provide inspiration and help overcome creative obstacles:
– Explore tangential topics related to your story for fresh ideas
– Investigate historical events or scientific discoveries that could parallel your plot
– Research problem-solving methods or creative techniques used in fields related to your characters’ professions
New information can spark creativity and help you move past writing roadblocks.
To enhance sensory details
Ongoing research can improve the sensory richness of your writing:
– Investigate specific sensory experiences related to your setting (e.g., local cuisine, ambient sounds)
– Research how certain materials feel, smell, or behave in different conditions
– Explore how sensory perceptions might change in unique environments or situations
This research helps create more immersive and vivid scenes.
When fact-checking dialogue
Ensure that your characters’ speech remains authentic:
– Research colloquialisms or slang appropriate to your setting and time period
– Investigate professional jargon or technical terms your characters might use
– Explore how language use might change over time or in different social contexts
Ongoing language research helps maintain the authenticity of your dialogue.
To verify climactic scenes
Key moments in your story often require extra scrutiny:
– Research the feasibility and details of crucial plot events
– Investigate the accuracy of pivotal historical or scientific elements
– Explore the psychological or emotional realism of characters’ actions in high-stakes situations
Thorough research of climactic scenes enhances their impact and credibility.
When exploring thematic elements
Deepen your understanding of the themes you’re addressing:
– Research philosophical concepts or social issues central to your story
– Investigate historical or contemporary examples that relate to your themes
– Explore expert opinions or academic research on topics relevant to your message
This ongoing thematic research can add depth and nuance to your work.
To stay current with real-world developments
For contemporary or near-future settings, stay informed about relevant changes:
– Monitor news and current events related to your story’s themes or setting
– Keep track of technological advancements that might impact your narrative
– Stay informed about social or cultural shifts that could affect your characters or plot
This helps ensure your story remains relevant and accurate, especially during long writing projects.
When preparing for revisions
Use the revision phase as an opportunity for focused research:
– Identify areas of your manuscript that feel thin or underdeveloped
– Research specific details to enhance scenes or character interactions
– Investigate any inconsistencies or plot holes discovered during the initial draft
This targeted research can significantly improve the quality of your revised manuscript.
To illustrate the importance of ongoing research, consider this example:
Imagine you’re writing a historical novel set in 1920s New York. You’ve done extensive initial research on the era, but as you write, you realize the need for continued investigation:
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Plot development: Your protagonist becomes involved in the stock market, requiring you to research specific trading practices of the time.
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Character depth: A secondary character reveals a background in vaudeville, prompting research into the entertainment industry of the period.
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Beta reader feedback: Readers note that your descriptions of prohibition-era speakeasies feel vague, leading you to investigate these establishments in more detail.
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Consistency: As your story progresses from 1923 to 1927, you research how fashion, slang, and popular culture evolved during this period.
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Writer’s block: Stuck on a scene, you research 1920s crime-solving techniques for inspiration.
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Sensory details: To enhance a pivotal scene, you investigate the specific sounds and smells of a 1920s automobile factory.
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Dialogue: You research period-appropriate expressions and accents to refine your characters’ speech.
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Climactic scene: For the dramatic finale set during the 1929 stock market crash, you conduct in-depth research on the event’s timeline and impact.
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Thematic exploration: To deepen your exploration of social change, you research the women’s suffrage movement and its aftermath in 1920s America.
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Current relevance: You monitor contemporary discussions about economic inequality, drawing parallels to your historical setting.
By continuing to research throughout the writing process, you ensure that every aspect of your story is grounded in accuracy and rich in detail, creating a more immersive and compelling reading experience.
Remember, the key is to balance research with writing progress. While ongoing research is valuable, it shouldn’t become a form of procrastination. Set clear research goals, allocate specific time for investigation, and always prioritize moving your story forward. The goal is to use research to enhance your writing, not to replace the act of creation itself.
